Recombinant Human P2RX5 Protein, N-His

Description of Recombinant Human P2RX5 Protein, N-His

Recombinant Human P2RX5 Protein: Structure, Activity and Application

Recombinant Human P2RX5 protein, also known as P2X purinoceptor 5, is a member of the P2X receptor family. This protein is encoded by the P2RX5 gene and is predominantly expressed in immune cells, specifically in T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. It plays a crucial role in the innate and adaptive immune response by responding to extracellular ATP and initiating downstream signaling pathways.

Structure of Recombinant Human P2RX5 Protein

The P2RX5 protein is composed of 397 amino acids and has a predicted molecular weight of approximately 44 kDa. It consists of two transmembrane domains, an extracellular loop, and intracellular N and C termini. The extracellular loop contains the ATP binding site and is responsible for ligand recognition and binding. The intracellular C-terminus is involved in protein-protein interactions and downstream signaling events.

Recombinant Human P2RX5 protein is produced through recombinant DNA technology, where the gene encoding for P2RX5 is inserted into a suitable expression vector and expressed in a host cell, typically E. coli or mammalian cells. The resulting protein is then purified to obtain a highly pure and active form of P2RX5.

Activity of Recombinant Human P2RX5 Protein

The main function of P2RX5 is to respond to extracellular ATP, which is released during cellular stress or damage. Upon binding to ATP, P2RX5 undergoes a conformational change, leading to the opening of a non-selective cation channel. This allows for the influx of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions, which triggers downstream signaling pathways and cellular responses.

Studies have shown that P2RX5 activation in T lymphocytes leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and the upregulation of cell surface markers involved in T cell activation and differentiation. In natural killer cells, P2RX5 activation has been linked to cytotoxicity and the production of interferon-gamma, a key cytokine in the anti-viral and anti-tumor response.

Application of Recombinant Human P2RX5 Protein

Due to its role in the immune response, recombinant Human P2RX5 protein has potential applications in various fields, including immunology, oncology, and drug discovery. It can be used as an antigen in research studies to investigate the function of P2RX5 and its signaling pathways. Additionally, recombinant P2RX5 protein can be used to develop diagnostic assays for diseases associated with dysregulation of the immune system, such as autoimmune disorders and cancer.

In drug discovery, P2RX5 has been identified as a potential target for the development of immunomodulatory drugs. By modulating P2RX5 activity, it may be possible to regulate immune responses and potentially treat diseases characterized by excessive or insufficient immune activity. Recombinant Human P2RX5 protein can be used in high-throughput screening assays to identify compounds that modulate its activity, leading to the development of novel therapeutics.

Conclusion

In summary, recombinant Human P2RX5 protein is a key player in the immune response, responding to extracellular ATP and initiating downstream signaling pathways. Its structure, activity, and potential applications make it a valuable tool in research and drug discovery. Further studies on P2RX5 and its role in the immune system may lead to the development of novel therapies for various diseases.