Are you able to generate bispecifics from VHH, scFvs, or other non-IgG scaffolds?

Yes. We have expertise in engineering bispecific antibody formats from non-IgG scaffolds, including VHHs and scFv formats. Our project managers can advise on format selection based on your targets and application, while considering compatibility with expression, purification and developability requirements.

Do you offer affinity maturation or humanization of parental antibodies before building the bispecific?

Yes. Affinity maturation and antibody humanization can be performed before bispecific antibody engineering when required by the project. These services can be integrated into the development workflow before moving to bispecific design and production.

Do you support stability or developability assessments?

Yes. Developability assessment can be integrated into bispecific antibody development to evaluate candidates before further development or scale-up. Available analyses include thermostability by nanoDSF, isothermal DLS and SEC-MALS.

How do you assess bispecific antibody potency?

Measuring the potency of Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) can be challenging due to their unique properties. However, several tests can aid customers in identifying the most effective BsAbs for their specific needs. To measure antibody affinity, ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and KD (Dissociation Constant) determination are employed. ELISA allows the quantification of BsAb binding to specific antigens, providing valuable information about its binding strength. KD determination calculates the equilibrium dissociation constant, offering insights into the strength of the antibody-antigen interaction. To assess solubility and aggregation, SEC-HPLC (Size-Exclusion Chromatography – High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) is used. This method separates BsAbs based on size, allowing the identification of any aggregated or insoluble forms. nanoDSF (Differential Scanning Fluorimetry) is utilized to check BsAb thermostability. By measuring heat-induced unfolding through intrinsic fluorescence, this technique provides valuable data on the stability of the antibody structure. Avidity, which refers to the cumulative strength of multiple interactions between BsAbs and antigens, is another crucial parameter. Specific assays, such as Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) or Biacore, are used to evaluate avidity. By employing these tests and methodologies, customers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the potency and performance of Bispecific antibodies, enabling them to make informed decisions for their research or therapeutic development projects.

Bispecific Antibody Production and Development Services

Bispecific Antibody Production Services

Bispecific Antibody Development From Design to Scale-Up

From IgG-like to fragment-based formats, we design and produce the bispecific antibody format that fits your target, application and development stage.

40+ bispecific formats
IP-conscious formats
4–6 weeks production

Discuss your project Talk to our experts

Start from existing antibody sequences or involve our team earlier for discovery and engineering.

Bispecific antibody formats

Bispecific Antibody Production Services for
Every Format

With expertise spanning IgG-like and fragment-based, symmetric and asymmetric bispecific antibody formats, we help select and produce the format best suited to your target, application, performance requirements and budget.

BiTE
Diabody
DART
DVD-Ig
IgG(H)-scFv
scFv-(L)IgG
HSAbody
Fab-scFv
IgG-IgG
F(ab’)2
+ More

40+ bispecific formats

Looking for another format? Discuss your project with our experts.

Discuss Your Format

Multiple Pairing Strategies for Correctly Assembled Bispecifics

Correct chain pairing is the central engineering challenge of any IgG-like bispecific. We combine the right techniques depending on your project and format of choice.

Knob-into-Hole (KIH)

Promotes correct heavy-chain heterodimerization.

Solves: heavy chain / heavy chain mispairing
CrossMab

Domain crossover guides correct light-chain association.

Solves: light chain / heavy chain mispairing
Kλ-body

Uses kappa and lambda light chains to support correct pairing.

Solves: light chain / heavy chain mispairing (via downstream separation, not steric design)
Duobody

Controlled Fab-arm exchange generates bispecific IgG molecules.

Solves: heavy chain pairing, without co-expression
Dock and Lock

Uses complementary dimerization and anchoring domains.

Solves: multi-domain assembly beyond simple 1+1 bispecifics

Bispecific antibody development

From Sequence to a Validated Bispecific Candidate in 4–6 Weeks

Developing a bispecific antibody is often complex: format choice can influence binding behavior, stability, half-life, manufacturability and therapeutic potential. We help you compare relevant formats and make data-driven go/no-go decisions before scale-up.

01

Project Study & Format Selection

We understand your goals, project feasibility and constraints, then help select the most relevant formats for your application.
02

Transient Expression
- High-performance proprietary XtenCHO™ Race system
- Sequence optimization for expression
- SDS-PAGE (+ Western Blot if necessary)
- One-step affinity purification
03

Core Quality Control
- SDS-PAGE & quantification
- ELISA
- SEC-HPLC
04

Optional Developability Controls
- nanoDSF thermostability
- Isothermal DLS
- SEC-MALS
- Affinity (Kd) by Biacore X100
05

Delivery
- Detailed project report
- Purified antibody samples
- Membrane filtration sterilization
06

GO / NO-GO Checkpoint

Review the data with our experts and decide whether to proceed to additional analytical testing, functional validation and/or scale-up.

Discuss your bispecific development project

Bispecific antibody production

Custom Production From mg to Gram Scale

Bispecific antibodies are expressed using the high-performance proprietary XtenCHO™ Race platform. Antibody gene sequences are optimized specifically for this system to ensure high yields and low endotoxin levels.

mg → grams
production scale
Up to 98%
purity
1 g/L
yield in stable cell line
<0.1 EU/mL
endotoxin upon request

Tell Us About Your Bispecific Antibody Project

Already have antibody sequences or need support earlier in development? Tell us where your project stands and our team can help define the next step.

Bispecific format selection —
Select and compare formats according to your project requirements.
Bispecific antibody production —
Move from selected sequences to production and characterization.
Stable cell line development —
For projects moving toward larger-scale, reproducible production.
Antibody discovery —
If you don’t yet have suitable parental antibodies.

Not sure which service or format you need?

Send us your project requirements and our team can help you identify the most appropriate approach.

Scale-up

Scale Your Bispecific Antibody Production

Move from early-stage production to larger, reproducible supply through stable cell line development.

XtenCHO™ Race
Proprietary cell line
Stable cell line development
Gram-level and larger-scale production
Customizable endotoxin level
According to project requirements

Discuss Your Scale-Up Project

Learn More About Stable Cell Line Development

Intellectual property

Fully IP-Free, From Sequence to Cell Line

The sequences, the antibody, and the cell line stay yours, with no shared IP and no royalties down the line from ProteoGenix.

No IP constraints or royalties from ProteoGenix

Our experts can help you avoid mutations patented by others

Contact Our Experts Book a Call

Case report

Engineering Seven Bispecific Antibody Formats Yielding Nanomolar Leads Against Prostate Cancer

A Swedish biotech company trusted ProteoGenix with the design and production of multiple bispecific antibody formats. The customer supplied sequences from two monoclonal antibodies, Ab1 and Ab2, which served as the foundation for bispecific engineering.

7 bispecific formats designed
3.20 × 10⁻¹⁰ M affinity of the best candidate

Read the case report

Expert guidance

Inside ProteoGenix: Navigating Bispecific Complexity

Anne shares her experience guiding a client through a bispecific antibody project — from early design questions to the format decisions that made the difference.

Scientific track record

Clients’ Publications Powered by ProteoGenix’s Expertise

Selected scientific publications involving bispecific antibody research and development.

Publications

mAbs

Danquah, W., Pichery, M., Eden, T., Boyance, A., Pasquet, L., Roure, V., Mars, M., Marchand, A., Gumz, E., Gador, M., Valente, L., Contini, M., Czernecki, L., Shanmuganathan, S., Barron, P., Chabot, S., Dangl, M., & Niederfellner, G. (2026). Combination therapy with a novel CD2-targeted costimulatory bispecific antibody overcomes limitations of CD3 T cell engager treatment for solid tumors. mAbs, 18(1), Article 2684378.

View publication

Publications

Journal of Biological Chemistry

De Nardis, C., Hendriks, L. J. A., Poirier, E., Arvinte, T., Gros, P., Bakker, A. B. H., & de Kruif, J. (2017). A new approach for generating bispecific antibodies based on a common light-chain format and the stable architecture of human immunoglobulin G1. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 292(35), 14706–14717.

View publication

Publications

The AAPS Journal

Liu, W., Yang, J., Yan, W., & Peng, K. (2025). Reformation of a clinical anti-drug antibody assay to enable the immunogenicity assessment of a bispecific antibody biotherapeutic. The AAPS Journal, 27(1), Article 12.
View publication

Publications

Blood

Bray, J. S., Thomas, G. R., Smith, V. M., Jayne, S., Dyer, M. J. S., & Walter, H. S. (2024). Comparative in-vitro efficacy of CD20xCD3 IgG bispecific biosimilar constructs against diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines with different levels of expression of CD20. Blood, 144(Supplement 1), Article 5826.
View publication

Publications

British Journal of Haematology

Bray, J. S., Thomas, G. R., Smith, V. M., Wright, A., Jayne, S., Dyer, M. J. S., & Walter, H. S. (2025). In vitro comparison of CD20xCD3 bispecific antibodies against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines with different levels of expression of CD20. British Journal of Haematology, 206(5), 1350–1354.
View publication

Publications

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Sandeep, Shinde, S. H., Ahmed, S., Sharma, S. S., & Pande, A. H. (2026). Engineering and partial characterization of an anti-IL-23/anti-TNF-α bispecific domain antibody fused to human serum albumin domain for inflammatory disease therapy. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 198(7), 5212–5230.
View publication

Interactive tool

Is Your Bispecific Antibody Ready for the Next Step?

Use the checklist prepared by our experts to assess antibody readiness across general and specialized bispecific criteria.

Download the checklist

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes. We have expertise in engineering bispecific antibody formats from non-IgG scaffolds, including VHHs and scFv formats.

Our project managers can advise on format selection based on your targets and application, while considering compatibility with expression, purification and developability requirements.
Measuring the potency of Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) can be challenging due to their unique properties. However, several tests can aid customers in identifying the most effective BsAbs for their specific needs.

To measure antibody affinity, ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and KD (Dissociation Constant) determination are employed. ELISA allows the quantification of BsAb binding to specific antigens, providing valuable information about its binding strength. KD determination calculates the equilibrium dissociation constant, offering insights into the strength of the antibody-antigen interaction.

To assess solubility and aggregation, SEC-HPLC (Size-Exclusion Chromatography – High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) is used. This method separates BsAbs based on size, allowing the identification of any aggregated or insoluble forms.

nanoDSF (Differential Scanning Fluorimetry) is utilized to check BsAb thermostability. By measuring heat-induced unfolding through intrinsic fluorescence, this technique provides valuable data on the stability of the antibody structure.

Avidity, which refers to the cumulative strength of multiple interactions between BsAbs and antigens, is another crucial parameter. Specific assays, such as Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) or Biacore, are used to evaluate avidity.

By employing these tests and methodologies, customers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the potency and performance of Bispecific antibodies, enabling them to make informed decisions for their research or therapeutic development projects.

Need a quote or advice on
your bispecific antibody?

Tell us where your program stands — existing sequences, format selection, pilot production, characterization or scale-up — and our team can recommend the most relevant next step.

Dedicated project guidance
Format selection adapted to your target and constraints
Production and QC from early screening to scale-up

Bispecific Antibody Production Services

Bispecific Antibody Development From Design to Scale-Up

Bispecific Antibody Production Services for Every Format

40+ bispecific formats

Multiple Pairing Strategies for Correctly Assembled Bispecifics

From Sequence to a Validated Bispecific Candidate in 4–6 Weeks

Custom Production From mg to Gram Scale

Tell Us About Your Bispecific Antibody Project

Scale Your Bispecific Antibody Production

Fully IP-Free, From Sequence to Cell Line

Engineering Seven Bispecific Antibody Formats Yielding Nanomolar Leads Against Prostate Cancer

Inside ProteoGenix: Navigating Bispecific Complexity

Clients’ Publications Powered by ProteoGenix’s Expertise

Is Your Bispecific Antibody Ready for the Next Step?

Frequently Asked Questions

Are you able to generate bispecifics from VHH, scFvs, or other non-IgG scaffolds?

Do you offer affinity maturation or humanization of parental antibodies before building the bispecific?

Do you support stability or developability assessments?

How do you assess bispecific antibody potency?

Need a quote or advice on your bispecific antibody?

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Bispecific Antibody Production Services for
Every Format

Need a quote or advice on
your bispecific antibody?