Recombinant Human CD289/TLR9, N-His

Description of Recombinant Human CD289/TLR9, N-His

Introduction

Recombinant Human CD289/TLR9 is a protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which is responsible for recognizing and responding to foreign antigens. CD289/TLR9 is a type of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that is primarily found on immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. In this article, we will discuss the structure, activity, and applications of recombinant human CD289/TLR9.

Structure of Recombinant Human CD289/TLR9

CD289/TLR9 is a transmembrane protein that consists of 1032 amino acids. It is composed of three main domains: an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. The extracellular domain is responsible for binding to specific antigens, while the TIR domain is important for signal transduction and activation of downstream pathways.

The extracellular domain of CD289/TLR9 contains 26 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) that are responsible for antigen recognition. These LRRs form a horseshoe-shaped structure, with the concave surface being the antigen-binding site. The transmembrane domain anchors the protein to the cell membrane, while the TIR domain interacts with other proteins to initiate signaling.

Activity of Recombinant Human CD289/TLR9

CD289/TLR9 is activated by binding to specific antigens, which are typically derived from bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens. These antigens are recognized by the LRRs in the extracellular domain, leading to conformational changes in the protein. This results in the recruitment of adaptor proteins, such as MyD88, which triggers downstream signaling cascades.

Activation of CD289/TLR9 leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as type I interferons (IFNs). These cytokines play a crucial role in the immune response, helping to eliminate pathogens and activate other immune cells.

Applications of Recombinant Human CD289/TLR9

Recombinant human CD289/TLR9 has various applications in both research and clinical settings. One of the main uses of this protein is in the study of innate immunity and the immune response to pathogens. By studying the activation and signaling pathways of CD289/TLR9, researchers can gain a better understanding of how the immune system functions and how it can be manipulated to fight diseases.

Another important application of recombinant human CD289/TLR9 is in the development of vaccines. By incorporating specific antigens that can activate CD289/TLR9, vaccine formulations can elicit a strong immune response and provide protection against various infectious diseases. This has been particularly useful in the development of vaccines against viral infections, such as influenza and hepatitis B.

In addition, CD289/TLR9 has also been studied as a potential therapeutic target for various diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. By modulating the activity of CD289/TLR9, it may be possible to enhance or suppress immune responses, depending on the specific disease being targeted.

Conclusion

In summary, recombinant human CD289/TLR9 is a crucial protein involved in the immune response. Its structure, consisting of an extracellular domain, transmembrane domain, and TIR domain, allows it to recognize and respond to foreign antigens. Upon activation, CD289/TLR9 triggers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs, which play a crucial role in the immune response. This protein has various applications in research and clinical settings, including the study of innate immunity, vaccine development, and potential therapeutic targeting.