PAPD7 protein is a member of non-canonical poly(A) polymerases family of proteins. This family of proteins is also known as Cidl1-like proteins (after the founding member of the family). Non-canonical poly(A) polymerases have similar central domain and catalytic activities as canonical poly(A) polymerases. However, the two groups differ in nucleotide-bases recognition motif. Canonical poly(A) polymerases are responsible for the addition of a poly(A) tail to the 3’ end by poly(A) polymerases to mRNAs which leads to their degradation. Non canonical PAPs, such as PAPD7 are responsible for the terminal nucleotidyltransferase. The latter catalyzes preferentially the transfer of GTP and ATP on RNA 3′ poly(A) tail creating a heterogeneous 3′ poly(A) tail leading to mRNAs stabilization by protecting mRNAs from active deadenylation. Other members of this family of proteins may also be involved in the addition of uridyl residues of RNAs. PAPD7 is located in the nucleus, cytosol, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosome, cytosol and extracellular media. PAPD7 stands for PAP associated domain containing 7 protein. This protein is also known as terminal nucleotidyltransferase 4 or TENT4A. It’s a non-canonical poly(A) RNA polymerase which catalyze the addition of poly(A) tail to the 3’ end of RNA responsible. This process plays a pivotal role in gene expression regulation and is involved in a post-transcriptional quality control mechanism. PAPD7 protein is the catalytic subunit of a TRAMP-like complex responsible for RNA polymerase activity. The latter is a multiprotein, heterotrimerix complex with polyadenylation activity. Other than PAPD7 polymerase related activity, TRAMP-like complex also exhibits RNA helicase activity. Other functions of PAPD7 protein also include ATP binding, guanylyltransferase activity, metal ion binding, polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity, SMC family protein binding. PAPD7 is involved in biological processes such as double-strand break repair, histone mRNA catabolic process, mitotic chromosome condensation, mRNA processing, negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening, positive regulation of 3′-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization, response to drug, RNA 3′ uridylation, sister chromatid cohesion and snoRNA polyadenylation
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